Spirometry

Definitions & Nornal Values ECG Interpretation

Normal Values

Normal values for each data point obtained during spirometry is derived from a predictive equation and is patient specific. The predictive equations require the patient’s gender, height, weight, and age. Some predictive equations also include race.
Fortunately, nearly all modern spirometers automatically calculate the patient’s predicted values.
The data point is generally considered normal if it falls within 80% to 120% of what has been predicted.

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)	The maximum amount of air the lung can hold.
Vital Capacity (VC)	The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximum inhalation.
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)	The vital capacity obtained when the subject is blowing out as hard and fast as possible.
Residual Volume (RV)	The amount of air remaining in the lungs following a maximum exhalation.
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)	The amount of air remaining in the lungs following a normal exhalation.

Authors and Sources

Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition Kathryn Booth and Thomas O'Brien
ISBN10: 1265013470, ISBN13: 9781265013479
McGraw Hill, 2023
Rapid Interpretation of EKG's, Sixth Edition
Dale Dublin
Cover Publishing Company
EKG Reference Guide
EKG.Academy
12 Lead EKG for Nurses: Simple Steps to Interpret Rhythms, Arrhythmias, Blocks, Hypertrophy, Infarcts, & Cardiac Drugs
Aaron Reed
Create Space Independent Publishing
Heart Sounds and Murmurs: A Practical Guide with Audio CD-ROM 3rd Edition
Elsevier-Health Sciences Division
Barbara A. Erickson, PhD, RN, CCRN
The Virtual Cardiac Patient: A Multimedia Guide to Heart Sounds, Murmurs, EKG Jonathan Keroes, David Lieberman
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkin)
ISBN-10: 0781784425; ISBN-13: 978-0781784429
Project Semilla, UCLA Emergency Medicine, EKG Training Breena R. Taira, MD, MPH
ECG Reference Guide
PracticalClinicalSkills.com