Fixed Splitting Second Heart Sound Lesson
Where to Auscultate
The patient was supine during auscultation.
Description
When the separation of the two components of the second heart sound remains unchanged through inspiration, the split is called a fixed split.
The inability of the ventricles to change their volume with respiration causes the splitting. Fixed splitting of the second heart sound (along with murmurs) indicates the presence of heart disease or a heart defect.
Phonocardiogram
Anatomy
Fixed Splitting Second Heart Sound
Authors and Sources
Authors and Reviewers
-
Heart sounds by Dr. Jonathan Keroes, MD and David Lieberman, Developer, Virtual Cardiac Patient.
- Lung sounds by Diane Wrigley, PA
- Respiratory cases: William French
-
David Lieberman, Audio Engineering
-
Heart sounds mentorship by >W. Proctor Harvey, MD
- Special thanks for the medical mentorship of Dr. Raymond Murphy
- Reviewed by Dr. Barbara Erickson, PhD, RN, CCRN.
-
Last Update: 11/10/2021
Sources
-
Heart and Lung Sounds Reference Library
Diane S. Wrigley
Publisher: PESI -
Impact Patient Care: Key Physical Assessment Strategies and the Underlying Pathophysiology
Diane S Wrigley & Rosale Lobo - Practical Clinical Skills: Lung Sounds
- PESI Faculty - Diane S Wrigley
-
Case Profiles in Respiratory Care 3rd Ed, 2019
William A.French
Published by Delmar Cengage -
Essential Lung Sounds
by William A. French
Published by Cengage Learning, 2011 -
Understanding Lung Sounds
Steven Lehrer, MD
-
Clinical Heart Disease
W Proctor Harvey, MD
Clinical Heart Disease
Laennec Publishing; 1st edition (January 1, 2009) -
Heart and Lung Sounds Reference Guide
PracticalClinicalSkills.com
