Eyes-And-Ears

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Medical Term	Description
-cusis	hearing
-opia	vision condition
-tropic	turning
acou-	hear
adnexa	Appendages of an organ (e.g. eyelids to the eyeball)
ambly/o	dull, dim
amblyopia	Decrease of vision due to abnormal development during childhood. Also known as lazy eye.
ametropia	An eye problem caused by faulty refraction.
anisocoria	Unequal pupil sizes. Affects 20% of the population.
aphakia	Absence of the eye's lens.
astigmatism	A common and generally easily treatable imperfection in the curvature of the eye.
audi/o	hearing
audiology	The study of hearing and hearing impairment.
audiometry	A noninvasive test that measures the ability to hear different tones and intensities.
aur/o	ear
aural	Refers to the ear or hearing.
blephar/o	eyelid
blepharoplasty	Cosmetic eyelid surgery. Also called eyelid lift.
blindness	The inability to see.
blinking	Brief closing and reopening of the eyelids by involuntary or voluntary action.
cerumin/o	earwax
chalazion	A small bump on the eyelid that forms due to blockage and swelling of an oil gland at the base of the eyelash.
cochle/o	cochlea (inner part of ear)
cochlear implant	An electronic device that provides a sense of sound to deaf or severely hard of hearing people.
color blindness	A weakness or inability to distinguish colors. A common form is the inability to distinguish red from green.
conjunctiv/o	mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of eyelids
conjunctivitis	An inflammation of the clear tissue that lines the white part of the eye. Also called pink eye.
cor/o	pupil
corne/o	cornea
dacry/o	tears
dacryoadenitis	Inflammation of the lacrimal glands (the eye’s tear-producing glands).
deafness	A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.
diplopia	Double vision.
ear	The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. Sound vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the acoustic nerve to the central nervous system. The inner ear contains the vestibular organ that responsible for equilibrium.
ectropion	A condition where the lower eyelid droops away from the eye and turns outwards.
emmetropia	A state when rays are focused correctly on the retina of a relaxed eye.
entropion	The eyelid is rolled inward toward the eye.
esotropia	An inward turning of one or both eyes.
exotropia	One or both of the eyes turn outward.
eye	The organ of vision.
eyebrow	The bony ridge extending over the eye and the row of hair located on it.
eyelashes	The hairs which project from the edges of the eyelids.
eyelids	Each of the upper and lower folds of skin which cover the eye when closed.
fluorescein angiography	An eye test that uses a special dye and camera to look at blood flow in the retina and choroid.
focus	The point at which rays of line converge after passing through a lens.
glaucoma	A disease that damages the optic nerve. Often caused by abnormally high pressure in the eye.
hearing	The ability to perceive sounds.
hemianopia	The loss of part of the field of view on the same side, in both eyes. A common side effect of stroke or brain injury.
hordeolum	Blockage of an eyelid gland causing a small inflamed cyst at the lid margin. Also called a stye.
hyperopia	Farsightedness. Distant objects can be seen clearly, but close ones do not come into proper focus.
infectious myringitis	An infection causing painful blisters on the eardrum. More often seen in children than adults. Causal agent is Mycoplasma.
irid/o	iris
iridectomy	Surgical removal of part of the iris.
iritis	Inflammation of the iris.
kerat/o	cornea, horny, hard
keratitis	Inflammation of the cornea
labyrinth/o	inner ear
labyrinthectomy	An ear operation used for Meniere's syndrome.
lacrim/o	tears
laser trabeculoplasty	Using a very focused beam of light to treat the drainage angle of the eye.
macul/o	spot
mastoidectomy	Surgical removal of mastoid air cells in the hollow, air-filled spaces in the skull behind the ear.
mydriasis	Abnormal dilation of the pupil.
myopia	Nearsightedness. A condition where close objects appear clearly, but distant objects appear blurry.
myring/o	tympanic membrane (eardrum)
myringotomy	Surgical incision in the eardrum to relieve fluid pressure.
nyctalopia	Night blindness.
nystagmus	A vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements, usually side to side.
ocul/o	eye
ophthalm/o	eye
ophthalmology	A surgical specialty concerned with the treatment of eye defects and diseases.
ophthalmoscopy	An examination of the back part of the eye (fundus), which includes the retina, optic disc, choroid, and blood vessels.
opt/o	eye, vision
optometry	The professional practice of primary eye and vision care that includes the measurement of visual refractive power and the correction of visual defects with lenses or glasses.
ot/o	ear, hearing
otalgia	Ear ache.
otitis media	An ear infection of the middle ear, the area just behind the eardrum.
otology	The study of diseases of the ear.
otomycosis	A fungal infection of the external auditory canal.
otopyorrhea	Discharge of pus from ear.
otorrhea	Ear discharge.
otosclerosis	A disease of the bones of the middle and inner ear.
palpebr/o	eyelid
papilledema	Swelling of the optic disk due to increased intracranial pressure.
periorbital edema	A condition in which the tissues around the eyes become swollen. Puffy eyes.
phac/o	pertaining to lens
phak/o	pertaining to lens
phot/o	light
photophobia	Abnormal sensitivity to light.
presbycusis	Hearing loss that gradually occurs in most individuals as they grow older.
presbyopia	An age-related condition when the eye's lens doesn't change shape as easily as it once did
ptosis	Drooping of the upper eyelid.
pupil	The aperture in the iris through which light passes.
pupill/o	pupil
radial keratotomy	A surgical procedure used to decrease nearsightedness.
retin/o	retina
retina	The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. The innermost layer of the eye, which receives images transmitted through the lens and contains the receptors for vision, the rods and cones
retinopexy	A surgery for certain types of retinal detachments.
scler/o	white of eye, hard
scleritis	A severe, vision-threatening inflammation of the white part of the eye.
scot/o	darkness
sensorineural hearing loss	Loss of hearing resulting from problems in the inner ear. A common hearing impairment.
son/o	sound
staped/o	stapes (a middle ear bone)
stapedectomy	Surgical removal of the stapes.
strabismus	A condition that causes crossed eyes.
stye	Acute bacterial inflammation of a gland at the base of an eyelash.
tarsorrhaphy	Joining of part or all of the upper and lower eyelids so as to partially or completely close the eye.
tears	The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the conjunctiva and cornea.
tinnitus	The perception of sound in the head when no outside sound is present. Commonly called 'ringing in the ears'.
tonometry	A test that measures intraocular pressure.
trop/o	turn
tympan/o	eardrum
tympanometry	A test that measures the movement of the tympanic membrane (eardrum).
uve/o	uvea
vertigo	A feeling of dizziness and disorientation.
vitre/o	vitreous body
vitrectomy	Surgery to remove vitreous gel from the eye.
xerophthalmia	Severe dry eyes caused by a malfunction of the tear glands.

Authors and Reviewers

Authored by Dr. Barbara A. Erickson
Medically reviewed by Dr. Jonathan Keroes, MD
Last Update: 12/18/2022